• Pulmonary actinomycosis has a world-wide distribution and may resemble lung cancer or tuberculosis

• Tuberculosis may present as an acute pneumonia, especially in countries with high rates of tuberculosis

• In countries where Burkholderia pseudomallaei (‘melioidosis’) is endemic, it is a common cause of severe community acquired pneumonia (CAP) that is not always covered by initial empirical antibiotics recommended for CAP in non-endemic areas...