Sexual intimacy can be an important part of quality of life that is disrupted and altered in the setting of a cancer diagnosis and treatment. Surgical, radiation, and chemotherapy treatments all impact sexual functioning in different ways. The most common type of sexual problems following cancer treatments include decreased sexual interest, pain with penetration (dyspareunia) in women, and erectile dysfunction in men. These sexual problems can at times lead to broader relationship frustration and stress. Fortunately, there are many effective treatments for both men and women to address sexual problems following cancer treatments. The most effective approach combines both medical treatments to address physical problems with psychological therapeutic approaches to help patients and couples utilize and integrate these medical treatments into their sexual relationship.