Despite advances in early detection and treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that have been made within the last decade, lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer mortality. A diagnosis of lung cancer for most people is associated with a poor prognosis and results in multiple distressing symptoms associated with the disease and the cancer-directed treatment. As a result, adults with lung cancer continue to have more unmet psychosocial needs and greater distress than those with other cancers. The purposes of this chapter are to provide an overview of prevention and early detection and treatment strategies, highlighting psychosocial issues and suggesting evidence-based strategies to address the needs of this population.